Review+Session+1-+Foundations+of+American+Government

= AP US Government and Politics Review  = ** Review Session #1 Review Foundations of Government & Civil Liberties ** The Basic Functions of Government · Locke o State of Nature o Natural Law o Natural Rights o Social Contract · Jefferson · Declaration of Independence · Constitution o Establish a more perfect union o Establish justice o Ensure domestic tranquility o Promote the general welfare o Secure liberty Politics — the exercise of power; Federalist 10; Linkage Institutions: evolution of parties; interest groups; media Elections Policy-Making Institutions Evolution of democracy (types of democracy) Federalism Who controls the political agenda? How topics get on the agenda? How things on the agenda get ignored? Pluralism (Federalist 10 again) Elitism (of various types) Hyperpluralism What is public interest? What are public wants? How much individual freedom? (Locke, Social Contract) How much should government do? What’s the best way to raise money for government activity? How to separate public from private agendas? (especially on ethical issues) What’s allowed in campaigning? How to achieve authentic legitimacy? (What is that?) ** Constitutional Foundations ** Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation Constitution Basic features (longevity, separation of powers, balance of power, federalism, amendability, common law) and compromises Bureaucracy Political Parties __ Marbury v. Madison __ __ McCulloch v. Maryland __  **Federalism ** History of Federalism Local Governments Dual Federalism Cooperative Federalism The ETS description of the AP curriculum says: An understanding of United States politics includes the study of the development of individual rights and liberties and their impact on citizens. Basic to this study is an analysis of the workings of the Supreme Court and an understanding of its most significant decisions. Students should examine judicial interpretations of various civil rights and liberties such as freedom of speech, assembly, and expression; the rights of the accused; and the rights of minority groups and women. For example, students should understand the legal, social, and political evolution following Supreme Court decisions regarding racial segregation. Finally, it is important that students be able to assess the strengths and weaknesses of Supreme Court decisions as tools of social change. ** Bill of Rights and Civil Liberties ** Restrictions on government — individual rights 14 th Amendment · __ Engel v. Vitale __ (’62) prayer in school <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· __ Abington School District v. Schempp __ (’63) Bible reading in class <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· __ Epperson v. Arkansas __ (’68) teaching evolution <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· Recent cases on creationism and prayer at Texas football games ** Speech and Press — freedom vs. public good; symbolic speech; commercial speech; hate speech; libel and slander ** <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· __ Schenck v. US __ (’19) "clear and present danger" <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· __ Miller v. California __ (’73) obscenity not protected; obscenity appeals to prurient interests was patently offensive and lacked serious artistic, literary, political, or scientific merit by community standards <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· __ Tinker v. DesMoines __ (’69) and <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· __ Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier __ ("88) student rights <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· __ New York Times v. US __ (’71) Pentagon Papers case; no prior restriction  <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· __ Texas v. Johnson __ (’88) flag burning as symbolic speech   ** Assembly — Peaceably? Petition? Public safety? Public and private land? Advocacy of violence? ** <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· __ Cox v. New Hampshire __ (’41) permits can be required; private property is not open to assembly <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· __ Collins v. Smith __ (’78) __Skokie__ and Nazis ** Keep and Bear Arms — individual or group right? Registration and permit? Types of arms? ** <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· Brady Bill (’93) ** Privacy — probable cause? Persons? Houses? Papers? Effects? Unreasonable? Emergencies? Abortion? ** <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· __ Mapp v. Ohio __ (’61) exclusionary rule <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· __ Griswold v. Connecticut __ (’65) privacy and birth control <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· __ Roe v. Wade __ (’72) abortion ** Due Process — indictment, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, speedy and public trial, informed of charges, confronted with witnesses, right to attorney, cruel and unusual punishment, excessive bail ** <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· __ Gideon v. Wainwright __ (’64) right to an attorney <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· __ Miranda v. Arizona __ (’66) right to be informed of your rights 1
 * Religion: establishment and promotion **